Direction Question (1-4). Read
the passage and answer.
Entrepreneurs running small firms
play a vital role in ensuring a healthy economy, not just from a business
perspective, but also in social,
educational and political terms. They compete with the large businesses that
would otherwise dominate the markets and are key providers of new jobs. Smaller
businesses are able to accommodate working patterns tailored to the employee’s
needs. They are, therefore, valuable sources of employment for the large number
of people with family responsibilities who wish to remain part of the labour
market but are unable, because of domestic commitments, to take up full-time
employment.
1. Entrepreneurs tend not to
compete with large organisations.
a) True
b) False
c) Cannot say
2. Large businesses do not want
to accommodate an employee’s individual employment needs.
a)
True
b) False
c) Cannot say
3. Small firms run by entrepreneurs
provide no benefits for the community.
a) True
b) False
c) Cannot say
4. More new jobs are provided by
entrepreneurs than large organisations.
a)
True
b) False
c) Cannot say
5. Although Oliver Sacks seems to
have no fears when he is inside his
laboratory, daily life presents him with many more problems: he is afraid of
horses, afraid of contracting all sorts of diseases which he reads about in his
parents' books, afraid to cross the road or to walk on the cracks between the
paving stones. He also soon stopped
practising his faith, although he still enjoys the traditions of Jewish
festivals.
a)
Oliver Sacks has no fears when he is in his laboratory.
b) Stepping on the cracks between paving stones
causes Oliver Sacks anxiety.
c) Oliver Sacks seems to be afraid of everything
in his daily life.
d) There are no horses in Oliver Sacks'
laboratory.
6. In 1809 the German philosopher
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831) received a letter from the
Netherlands. At the time he had taken over as principal of the Grammar School (Gymnasium)
in Nuremberg, while waiting for a professorship at a university. Before that time
he had been a private tutor in Jena, and the Dutchman Pieter van Ghert had been
one of his students.
a) G. W. F. Hegel was offered a professorship in
Nuremberg in 1809.
b) The German philosopher Hegel taught the
Dutchman Pieter van Ghert when he was principal of a Grammar School.
c) Hegel was expecting a
professorship in Nuremberg or Jena when he received a letter from the
Netherlands.
d) After Hegel, the German philosopher, had been
a private tutor in Jena, he became the principal of a Grammar School.
7. What is the purpose of therapeutic
cloning?
Stem cells are present in bone marrow, in
umbilical blood and especially in very early embryos. Researchers want to use stem cells to
propagate tissue cells for the treatment of patients whose organs no longer
work properly. If, for example, the heart muscle has partially died off and
weakened after a heart attack, new heart muscle cells could probably restore
the function of the organ. And thanks to the replacement of damaged nerve cells
in the spinal marrow, paraplegics might be able to walk once again.
Expectations are high, but it will be several years before we can be sure that
these possibilities are really feasible.
a) A new heart can be grown with the aid of
stem cells.
b) In a few years time, stem
cells will make it possible to cure patients.
c) People may be able to walk
again thanks to the introduction of new nerve cells into the spinal marrow.
d) A stem cell can be both a
heart muscle cell and a nerve cell.
8. On 16 November 1944, Ludwig
Wittgenstein wrote a letter to his former student Norman Malcolm, who was then
serving as a conscript in the US Navy. Wittgenstein recalled a remark that Malcom
had made five years earlier about the ‘English character’. Wittgenstein claimed
to be shocked by the ‘primitive nature’ of the comment. “I thought, what point
is there in studying philosophy when all you gain from it is the ability to
discuss a few obscure points of logic and when it does nothing to clarify your
thinking on the more important issues of everyday life,” he wrote.
a)
Norman Malcolm was studying with Ludwig Wittgenstein in 1944.
b) Wittgenstein considered ‘the issues of
everyday life’ a more important area for
a philosopher to consider than a few obscure points of logic.
c) In 1939, Malcolm made a remark about the
English character which had to be shocking to a philosopher.
d) Wittgenstein believed that the point of
studying philosophy was to learn how to discuss a few obscure points of logic.
9. BRUSSELS - The pensions of many citizens of the
European Union are under threat because of the ageing of the population in the
next fifteen years. Without drastic measures there will be heavy budget defici
ts, which will in turn serve to undermine the value of the euro. The EU
Ministers of Social Affairs are keen to develop a strategy to disarm this 'financial
time bomb'.
a) If
no measures are taken, it will not be possible to pay out pensions to European citizens
in fifteen years time.
b) There is a financial time bomb in Europe,
caused by the ageing of the population.
c) The value of the euro will be under threat if
nothing is done to call a halt to ageing in Europe.
d) The EU Ministers of Social Affairs have
designed drastic measures to ensure the safety of European citizens' pensions.
10. A study shows that people who
consciously eat less sugar can actually grow fatter as a result: it appears
from the study that there is a negative connection between the consumption of
sugar and fat. People who eat a lot of fat usually eat relatively little sugar
and vice versa. Moreover, sugar is an important flavour enhancer, just like
fat. If people leave out sugar, they compensate this either entirely or partly
by eating more fat. Switching to
low-calorie drinks where the sugar is replaced by artificial sweeteners has
therefore no demonstrable effect on body weight.
a)
Because sugar, like fat, is an important flavour enhancer, it is eaten a
lot.
b) Low-calorie drinks have a higher fat content
than ordinary drinks.
c) The negative connection between the
consumption of sugar and fat means that people who eat less sugar can become
fatter.
d) People who leave out sugar from their daily
diet compensate for it with artificial sweeteners.
Answers:
1. B 2. C 3. B 4. C 5.
B 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. B 10.
C